But others might not be worth your extra dough. Depending on the application, you may need some of these features. Security camera systems have many capabilities. Factors to consider when picking security camera systems How can you decide which cameras are best for your business?īefore you bust out the company credit card, you need to know a few things. Like any other product, there are a wide variety of security camera systems on the market. They protect the company’s assets while also contributing to a safer environment for customers and employees alike. Security camera systems have become a necessity for small businesses and large corporations. It’s a quote lifted from the classic dystopian future novel “1984” by George Orwell (and it’s eerily accurate).īut hey, if Big Brother is protecting your stuff, do you mind? If you can’t get rid of him, then put him to work is what I say. The tradeoff is that you will end up with more footage than you really need on your DVR.Security camera systems have often been associated with the old expression, “Big Brother is always watching”. It does seem like Night Owl patches the problems, but it’s only a matter of time until it happens again.Īnother complaint is that the auto-detection features don’t always start recording right away, but you can always go in and change the sensitivity levels to get more video. Users complain that it’s plagued with bugs and crashes often. However, it’s not perfect, and there are a few complaints. Their favorite thing by far seems to be the fact that you don’t need a subscription to use this system. Users also highlight the effective human-detection system on the models that offer it, and they love the ability to control what recordings they keep. They note that the cameras are extremely easy to set up and use, which is a big deal because they don’t come with any sort of professional installation options. We went through dozens of reviews to get a consensus of what people think about Night Owl security.įor the most part, users are happy with their Night Owl security systems. One of the best ways to figure out whether a product is worth it or not is to see what other people say after using it. Image Credit: Andrey_Popov, Shutterstock What the Users Say Night Owl offers both plug-in and battery-powered cameras, giving you the versatility to get exactly what you want from your security system. In the long run, you save money compared to cameras that have a mandatory subscription service, but if you don’t have the upfront cash, that doesn’t matter that much.Īre the cameras plug-in or battery powered? That means you’re spending more for these cameras right out of the box, and there’s no denying that. Since it doesn’t get any more money from you after you purchase its cameras, Night Owl makes sure it gets that money up front. Still, once you purchase the cameras and storage box, you won’t have to spend more money to use your Night Owl cameras. That’s not a huge deal, but sometimes you will miss things, and you don’t want it to be the time that something is happening. As it is, it’s completely up to you to monitor everything. While it’s nice that you’re not roped into a month-to-month or year-to-year subscription service after you purchase the camera, it would be nice to have a monitored surveillance option. In many ways, this is both a good and bad thing. Unlike many video camera services, Night Owl offers no subscriptions. Still, once you purchase a Night Owl Security Camera system, you won’t have to spend another dime, and that’s a huge benefit that most other systems don’t offer. There’s also an app that enables you to view everything from your phone, but compared to some other home security apps, it’s a little subpar. They have options for night vision and human detection, among other features, so you can customize your system to exactly what you need. The cameras come with a 1 TB hard drive to store all the recordings, which is enough for about 500 hours of video. The company also offers multiple cameras with a few of its packages, so you can get a complete security system instead of a patchwork job. The system is a little expensive to set up, but you won’t have to spend more once you have the cameras. If you’re in the market for a home security system and want to make just one purchase and then forget about it, the Night Owl Security Camera might be exactly what you’re looking for.
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For what it cost, if it had been 1/4 as handy as their advertising made it seem, it would have been a waste, but not a big enough one to annoy me for more that little bit. I do have a sawzall, angle grinder and oscillating saw in the box as well.Ĭlick to expand.I bought the jawhorse a few years ago, when they were heavily promoted by youtubers, because ebay gave me 25% at the same time Rockwell had it on a real sale. If you want to get into power tools I use a drill and impact driver way way more than anything else. And that may only be once or twice a year. I have 1/4, 3/8” and 1/2” socket sets but I RARELY use them. Picks, small files and an assortment of delicate pokers, scrapers and precision prodders are really useful. I use a pair of 10 or 12” adjustable wrenches far more frequently than a combo wrench, although I have combo wrench sets for more involved work. I use a Vaughan Wonderbar pretty often, as well as regular crowbars and prying tools.Ī basin wrench is surprisingly useful on most plumbing jobs as well as a couple pipe wrenches.Ī 6” torpedo level, a 2’ level and a 4’ level are all I need at home, used occasionally but not every day. It’s a craftsman base roller and an old Cornwell top chest.Ī basic 6 pc screwdriver set is my most used tool at my house.īasic pliers like needle nose, slip joint, tongue and groove, as well as diagonal cutters are used often enough. I just have a basic 5 drawer roller and top chest, nothing fancy. If I didn’t have my shop and had to keep everything at home my list would probably be a bit different, but as it sits I only keep the bare essentials at home so I don’t need to have so many duplicate tools. My shop is a 10 minute drive from my house, so I keep a set of basic tools and it has shown me how few tools I actually need to maintain my house day to day. Honestly it's one of my most used tools around the shop - I was a little skeptical because they first introduced it on an infomercial, but they are awesome. It's easy to take it to the work, rather than bring the work to it. You can stand on it easily.Īnd it all folds up into a pretty compact size for transport and storage. It's strong enough to hold up hundreds of pounds. I also have the welding kit, which includes an adjustable third arm clamp - a large C clamp that can be positioned almost anywhere. It will hold a 4x8 sheet of plywood with the jaw extension kit. Swap them into the Jawhorse and start working. I have my kreg jig setup on a piece of plywood like this and my buffer/polisher set up on another. Need a small workspace? Attach a short piece of 4x4 to the back of a piece of 3/4 inch plywood - up to 4'x4' and clamp it into the Jawhorse and you have an instant workbench. Clamp a door in it standing up or on edge. Clamp a 12 foot board in it and saw it to length. It's also super quick to clamp something in and release it.Īnything you can clamp in it, it will hold. And because you are using your foot - there is a ton of clamping power. Think of it as a huge capacity bench vise with it's own built in bench.Īnd the best part of it is the clamping power comes from stepping down on it - leaving both hands to hold and position something in the jaws, which ratchet shut with the foot lever. More comparable to a Black and Decker Workmate, with a much more powerful clamp. Or some basic electrical meters/tools so light switches/sockets can be change.Ĭlick to expand.It's not really comparable to sawhorses. A 110v 50'+ extension cord on a self retracting reel (I got mine at NT on sale and love it.)Ĥ. Stand up rolling tool box - I didn't get one of these for the first 15 years of my marriage. So - here are my initial thoughts - I'd like to hear everyone else's on this:ġ. I'm trying to stay away from the "Dewalt Drill/Driver" set because i suspect most of these guys have a basic set of tools. Stuff that most of us have (and have had a long time) that would make a good "groom gift". So I'm not looking to buy these guys a 4 post lift or a S.O. I don't have a "shop" - I have 3 tool closets off my carport. Most/all of these guys will be buying a home in the very near future so I'm compiling a list of garage/tool stuff I have now but I didn't have when i bought my first house 40+ years ago. We get the standard wedding invite that directs you to "The Knot" website which lists the mandatory "rice cooker", "cheese tray with knife", etc. My son's guy friends (kids who grew up in/around our house) - all to seem to be getting married about now. We will joyfully swing the banhammer for such behavior. Patricia Arquettes Sally Wheet May Be the Best Boardwalk Empire Character. No degradation or harassment of other users. Arquette, Patricia: Academy Award 168 Asian American Performers Alliance 139. While technically common knowledge as to the historical outcome of certain characters isn't necessarily a show spoiler, it is still ruining the surprise for those who may choose to not know the biographical history of certain people. Historical spoilers must be marked as such. Submissions such as those bring down the quality of the subreddit, and will be removed on sight. She then portrayed a weary employee of a maximum-security prison who helps two inmates break out in the miniseries Escape at Dannemora (2018), which was based on true. Arquette later starred in the short-lived CSI: Crime Scene Investigation spin-off CSI: Cyber (201516). Please no "Look who I found in this other movie!" posts.Įvery actor on this show has been in other films or shows. Other articles where Boardwalk Empire is discussed: Patricia Arquette: Florida speakeasy in the series Boardwalk Empire. Please use the "Report" option if witnessed, and then message the moderators for a quicker response. 'Medium' and 'Boardwalk Empire' In January 2005, Arquette took to the small screen for the crime drama Medium, as real-life psychic medium Allison Dubois. The Dames of Boardwalk Empire: 5 Ladies Who Heat Up The Boardwalk. Repeated failure to follow this rule will result in being banned. She’ll play Sally Wheet, a tough-as-nails Tampa speakeasy owner with connections to local gangsters. the death of a character or major plot points) may result in submission removal- no matter how many points it's earned. Boardwalk Empire has hired Patricia Arquette for a big season four role. Revealing a major spoiler in your title or comment (i.e. Sally Wheet Patricia Arquette plays the owner of a Tampa speakeasy and roadhouse who gives Nucky the inside scoop on the. Latest Episode Discussion: "Eldorado" (5x08) | Episode Guideįor HBO's Boardwalk Empire, which airs Sundays at 9/8c. I have clocked them from the Nava/Modular no problem. I know the Digitakt/Digitone are set up correctly to receive clock/run messages/pgm change. The confusing thing is that if I take midi out of the Nava's midi thru port (which effectively is still coming from the MC), that clocks the Digitakt/Digitone just fine. MC channel 1 clocks my Vector sequencer, MC channel 2 clocks my Nava 909, and channels 3 and 4 were supposed to be clocking the Elektrons - except that doesn't work. But as of yet I've been unable to get my two Elektron boxes (Digitakt & Digitone) to acknowledge the incoming midi from the MC. So I recently took the plunge and got myself a Multiclock. Particularly those who use their Multiclock with either a Digitakt or a Digitone. I wonder if the good people on MW can help me. Make sure you are sending that sample and that sample only sample out to a single output then plugging into E-RM analog input. I program the sequence then double it (2x) in sequence parameters. I also tried using ERM as master, but the BPC counter in the MPC does not change, although it does keep in sync. I recently tried programming a click track using ERM's sample with note repeat in all it's divisions but still unable to get the multiclock to sync. I'm pretty sure I tried that, but to no avail. It will follow tempo shifts very smoothly.įorgive my ignorance, but how do i program"32 note triplets doubled"?ĭoes that mean programming a line using note repeat 1/64(3) ? Syncs as designed when you do what it expects. Using the sample provided by erm, you'll have to make the following-Ģ4ppqn = 1 beat of 32 note triplets doubled. I have it syncing to both my MPC's with no issues. See this Super User thread on managing Protected. Open the new value and set it as 3 to disable Protected Mode ( 0 enables it). Create a new REGDWORD value called 2500 within the zone. See Microsoft Edge Browser Policy Documentation. In the Internet Settings key, open the Zones subkey and then open the numbered folder that corresponds to the zone that you want to disable Protected Mode in. Tap or click the Content tab, and then tap or click ClearSSL state. In the search results, tap or click Internet Options. Enter Internet options in the search box, and then tap or click Settings. On a managed device, you will see the option Reload in Internet Explorer mode ONLY if your organization has configured the policy to "Allow unconfigured sites to be reloaded in Internet Explorer mode". Swipe in from the right edge of the screen (if you're using a mouse, press Windows logo key+C keys), and then tap or click Search. NOTE: If you are on a device managed by your organization with the latest Windows updates, you will see the option to Allow sites to be reloaded in Internet Explorer under edge://settings/defaultbrowser but the setting might be greyed out. To return to browsing without Internet Explorer mode, you can click Leave on the information bar at the top of the screen, or close your current tab and open a new tab in Microsoft Edge. If you are on Microsoft Edge version 92 or earlier select More tools > Reload in Internet Explorer Mode Navigate to the website you want to view in Internet Explorer mode.Ĭlick the three dots in the upper right corner of the browser window. To view a website using Internet Explorer mode in Microsoft Edge, use the following steps. This includes fatherhood as well as motherhood, because these roles are intrinsically good. God is a shepherd, a warrior, a king, a servant, a midwife, an artist, rock, light, fire, etc. Anything that is good can be used to communicate God’s goodness to us. God uses many images, not just gendered ones. God allows himself to be imaged in order to have relationship. Yet he reveals himself to us using the good things around us. God is beyond creation and therefore beyond gender and sexuality. 3:14) indicating freedom of existence, but God is not an “it.” So the use of the personal pronoun, “he,” is not to insist God is male so much as to prevent God from being abstracted. Why does God get communicated as a father in the Bible?įirst off, God in beyond gender, but God communicates with us personally, so he takes on gender. If you are calling God “Father” because you think these things, your notion of God has been reduced to something idolatrous. The abuse does not necessarily invalidate the use, but it does reiterate that to call God “Father” is not so much correct as why you are saying it. However, this is not why God refers to himself as a father. 11) or that women are less human then men (which followed the Greek philosophical traditions of Plato and Aristotle that saw women as “defective” males). Some Christians have argued on theological grounds that women were not in the image of God (based on a misreading of 1 Cor. And so, church history has seen the Bible has been used to value men more than women under the notion that men are closer to God than women because God is male and not female. One feminist objector to the faith, Mary Daly said, “If God is male the male becomes God,” and sadly, a lot of Christians think that. Nevertheless, many conservative Christians don’t understand why God is portayed this way. Changing, for instance, the prayer, “Our Father” to “Our Mother” misses why it is the way it is. I think that misunderstands why male references are used. Some Christians have advocated modifying liturgical documents, editing out male references on that basis. God in the Bible is always referred to as “he.” Jesus teaches us to pray to God as “Our Father.” Some people get offended at that. Why in the Bible does God refer to himself as a “father,” or at least as a “he” rather than a “she” or both? I have often wondered that. Understanding God as Father to understand God as Motherįirst, we need to understand what God as Father means. We are going to reflect on the significance of the gift of our mothers, and how the love of our mothers remind us of God’s love.įirst I’ll tackle the tough stuff of metaphors we used to understand God: Is God a he or a she, a father or a mother? Or neither and both? Second, with that ground work laid, we will survey the rich images of motherly love in the Bible. Today we are going to reflect on mothers. That sounds a lot like the love of God, don’t it? That one day she won’t be around, so she wanted me to remember how much she loved me and how I should pass on that love. She read it to me to remind me that she loved me no matter what. It is very dear to me because my mom would read it to me. A mother held her new baby and very slowly rocked him back and forth, back and forth, back and forth. SortedMap a Map that maintains its mappings in ascending key order.Sorted sets are used for naturally ordered sets, such as word lists and membership rolls. Several additional operations are provided to take advantage of the ordering. SortedSet a Set that maintains its elements in ascending order.The last two core collection interfaces are merely sorted versions of Set and Map: If you've used Hashtable, you're already familiar with the basics of Map. A Map cannot contain duplicate keys each key can map to at most one value. Map an object that maps keys to values.In a deque all new elements can be inserted, retrieved and removed at both ends. Besides basic Collection operations, a Deque provides additional insertion, extraction, and inspection operations.ĭeques can be used both as FIFO (first-in, first-out) and LIFO (last-in, first-out). Deque a collection used to hold multiple elements prior to processing.Every Queue implementation must specify its ordering properties. Other kinds of queues may use different placement rules. In a FIFO queue, all new elements are inserted at the tail of the queue. Whatever the ordering used, the head of the queue is the element that would be removed by a call to remove or poll. Among the exceptions are priority queues, which order elements according to a supplied comparator or the elements' natural ordering. Queues typically, but do not necessarily, order elements in a FIFO (first-in, first-out) manner. Besides basic Collection operations, a Queue provides additional insertion, extraction, and inspection operations. Queue a collection used to hold multiple elements prior to processing. If you've used Vector, you're familiar with the general flavor of List. The user of a List generally has precise control over where in the list each element is inserted and can access elements by their integer index (position).
Then I just moved past it, and I wasn’t afraid anymore.” “I felt haunted by a past relationship that no one wanted to let go of. “Everything was so public,” she said in her recently released documentary, Selena Gomez: My Mind & Me. It depends what’s happening in my life.”Īs for her breakup with Beiber, Gomez said it also took a toll on her. “So for me, I really noticed when people started attacking me for that. In 2019, she also addressed public scrutiny over her weight in her video podcast Giving Back Generation. ‘You’re too small,’ ‘you’re too big,’ ‘that doesn’t fit.’ ‘Meh meh meh meh.’” “But I went to Jack in the Box and I got four tacos, three egg rolls, onion rings and a spicy chicken sandwich.”Ī post shared by Selena Gomez continued, “Honestly, I don’t care about my weight because people bitch about it anyway. “So I be trying to stay skinny,” she said in the viral video. Back in April, the actress posted a video on TikTok, in which she talked about how her lupus medication affects her weight. This isn’t the first time Gomez has spoken about her body image. The video’s creator, replied: “YOU DID NOT.” The fact that the star, who has been nominated for a Golden Globe for her role in the TV series Only Murders in the Building, commented on the clip shocked social media users. The actress also posted a sad face emoji in the comments section of the TikTok video. I’m just too normal.” Selena Gomez and Justin Bieber arrive at the 2011 American Music Awards. The TikTok video, which compiles paparazzi photos of the actress and singer, ends with a screenshot of an alleged old Instagram comment left by Gomez, stating: “He prefers models. A few months later, Bieber married model Hailey Baldwin. She and Beiber were in an on-off relationship for 10 years, which ended for good in spring 2018. "Thank you SO much for my birthday wishes -this has been the BEST birthday yet! THANK YOU!!!!" Selena captioned the picture, which can be seen here.Selena Gomez has surprised followers by responding to a viral TikTok video that claims she was “always skinny” while dating singer Justin Beiber. She called her current birthday as her best and posted a picture of herself with her girl pals. However, Michael has recently been spotted by various media agencies getting cozy with actor Zac Effron.īirthday girl Selena has also thanked her fans on her Instagram page for the lovely birthday wishes. Cara has been in a tumultuous relationship with girlfriend Michael Rodriguez and the pair was spotted kissing publically some time back. Meanwhile Selena has been seen with a mystery man on her birthday and has been in the company of Victoria's Secret model Cara Delevingne, who is a lesbian. He also adds that Selena immediately realized her error and decided to take the verbal route instead of being physical with him anymore. "The paparazzi caught the pair leaving their yacht - that's when Selenita got physical with a paparazzo!," writes Perez Hilton. The matter ends here but various publications are alleging that Selena "shoved" the paparazzi and was not in good mood. "I do," the man replies back as Selena moves past him to go towards her vehicle. "Have respect," Selena is seen uttering those words to the man, who is not seen in the picture. As she moves past a series of photographers to go to her car, she is seen pushing her hand out at one of the unseen photographers. The video, which can be seen below, shows the ex-girlfriend of Justin Bieber, coming out of her private yacht alone when one of her bodyguards is seen providing an umbrella to the singer to protect her from the sun. In a video of the incident, Selena reportedly told the unknown photographer to have some respect for her as he tried to picture her from very close. The birthday girl however was allegedly pissed off at a photographer for intruding into her privacy during her trip. Selena Gomez celebrated her birthday with her girlfriends and a mystery man on a private luxury boat in Saint Tropez with no signs of on and off boyfriend Justin Bieber. V - vegetarian vg - vegan gs - CAN be modified to gluten-sensitive SERVED WITH CHOICE OF GREENS WITH HOUSE BALSAMIC VINAIGRETTE, OR CHIPS SERVED WITH BAGUETTE FROM MADISON SOURDOUGH,įOX HERITAGE FARMS GROUND BEEF, AGED CHEDDAR, BACON, LETTUCE, ONION, MAYONNAISE, AND PICKLES, ON A BRIOCHE BUN. SPINACH, BRANDIED CRANBERRIES, CANDIED WALNUTS, APPLE-PEAR SLAW, AND CRUMBLED GOAT CHEESE, WITH HOUSE-MADE BALSAMIC VINAIGRETTE. THREE SLIDERS OF FOX HERITAGE FARMS BEEF MEDIUM-RARE, CARAMELIZED ONIONS, GRUYÈRE, CAPER AND BLACK PEPPER AIOLI, ON A PRETZEL BUN, WITH A SIDE OF HOUSE-MADE CHIPS PBR-BATTERED ELLSWORTH WHITE CHEDDAR CHEESE CURDS WITH HOUSE-MADE RANCH DRESSINGīELGIAN FRITES, MELTED ELLSWORTH WHITE CHEDDAR CHEESE CURDS, PEPPERCORN GRAVY, AND FRESH SCALLIONS HAND-CUT, TWICE-FRIED, A PINT OF FRITES WITH A SHOT OF MALT-VINEGAR AIOLI TRADITIONAL BAVARIAN PRETZEL, WITH CHOICE OF BELGIAN BEER CHEESE OR GUINNESS STOUT MUSTARD Scottish Ale (Nitro) - 5.2% - Dunbar, ScotlandĮnglish Pale Ale (Nitro) - 5.0% - England, United Kingdom Grapefruit Radler - 4.2% - Potosi, Wisconsinĭouble Chocolate Coffee Oatmeal Stout (Nitro) - 8.3% - Grand Rapids, Michigan Scottish Ale - 6.2% - Milwaukee, WisconsinĪmerican IPA - 7.2% - Brooklyn Center, Minnesotaīourbon Barrel Aged Imperial Stout - 11.0% - Holland, Michigan Toasted chili rubbed pork tenderloin, papas a la Mexicana, roasted sweet corn, queso fresco cheese, and cilantro, topped with a mango habanero glaze Fox Heritage Farms sirloin, seasonal vegetables, and Belgian frites, finished with a gremolata sauceĬARR VALLEY SMOKED CHEDDAR MAC AND CHEESE, HOUSE-CURED CRISPY PORK BELLY, HERB BREAD CRUMBS, SCALLIONS, AND ROTH BUTTERMILK BLUE CHEESE SEARED SALMON, CELERIAC PUREE, TARRAGON BROWN BUTTER, AND RADISH, WITH CITRUS AND ARUGULA SALAD PBR-BATTERED ICELANDIC HADDOCK, BELGIAN FRITES, AND SLAW, WITH ANCHOVY TARTAR SAUCE. SEASONAL IRISH PUB STYLE VEGETABLE CURRY OVER JASMINE RICEġ POUND OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND MUSSELS IN A UNIQUE DAILY PREPARATION, SERVED WITH BELGIAN FRITES AND CROSTINI Seasonal local grilled vegetables, vegan pesto hummus, and arugula, on herb-onion focaccia breadĪSK YOUR SERVER FOR TODAY'S SEASONAL VEGAN PREPARATION Wisconsin Cheddar, whipped basil goat cheese, on grilled sourdough, with a cup of Harvest soup House-cured and smoked turkey breast, bacon, arugula, red onion, cherry aioli, and Swiss cheese, on wheatberry bread SEASONAL LOCAL GRILLED VEGETABLES, vegan pesto hummus, AND ARUGULA, ON HERB-ONION FOCACCIA BREADįox Heritage Farms ground beef, truffle aioli, arugula, red onion, brie, and bacon, on a pretzel bun WISCONSIN CHEDDAR, whipped basil goat cheese, ON GRILLED SOURDOUGH, WITH A CUP OF HARVEST SOUP House-cured and smoked turkey breast, cherry aioli, bacon, Swiss cheese, arugula, and sliced red onion, on wheatberry bread HOUSE-CURED CORNED BEEF, SAUERKRAUT SOAKED IN LAKE LOUIE SCOTCH ALE, SWISS CHEESE, AND THOUSAND ISLAND DRESSING, ON GRILLED BLACK RYEīreaded chicken breast, house-made bread & butter pickles, jalapeño slaw, and chipotle aioli, on a pretzel bun All sandwiches are served with choice of greens with house balsamic vinaigrette or chipsįOX HERITAGE FARMS GROUND BEEF, AGED CHEDDAR, BACON, LETTUCE, ONION, MAYONNAISE, AND PICKLES, ON A BRIOCHE BUNįox Heritage Farms ground beef, truffle aioli, arugula, red onion, brie cheese, and bacon, on a pretzel bun Bayer, Ferreira, and Ross, 2015 Been, Ellen, and Madar, 2009 Bocian et al., 2011 Courchane, 2007 Rugh, Albright, and Massey, 2015). Numerous quantitative studies have found that black and Latino borrowers over the past decade were frequently charged more for mortgage loans than similarly situated white borrowers (e.g. More recently, the rise of new lending practices that specifically target nonwhite neighborhoods for risky, high cost financial services have further widened racial disparities in home equity and wealth ( Hyra et al., 2013 Lipsitz and Oliver 2010 Renuart, 2004 Ross and Yinger, 2002 Squires, 1992). One of the many forms of neighborhood-based racial discrimination that contributed to current disparities is the legacy of redlining-the denial of credit to non-white residential areas (Rothstein 2017). Historically, these disparities have been driven by multiple forms of discrimination, both public and private, including white mob violence against African-Americans trying to move into formerly all-white neighborhoods, municipal segregation ordinances prohibiting residence by blacks on predominantly white blocks, racially restrictive covenants barring the future sale of a property to non-whites. These gaps in wealth by race are less a product of income disparities than of differential access to good homes in high quality neighborhoods, which in turn produces racial differences in homeownership rates, home values, and the accumulation of home equity, the principal source of wealth for most American families ( Oliver and Shapiro, 1995). According to the Federal Reserve (2014), the wealth of the median white household stood at $141,900 in 2013, 13 times greater than that of the median black household ($11,000) and ten times that of the median Latino household ($13,700). Racial disparities in wealth are currently at their widest levels in decades. Loan originators sought out lists of individuals already borrowing money to buy consumer goods in predominantly black and Latino neighborhoods to find potential borrowers, and exploited intermediaries within local social networks, such as community or religious leaders, to gain those borrowers’ trust. Our analyses reveal specific mechanisms through which loan originators identified and gained the trust of black and Latino borrowers in order to place them into higher-cost, higher-risk loans than similarly situated white borrowers. Our data consist of 220 depositions, declarations, and related exhibits submitted by borrowers, loan originators, investment banks, and others in fair lending cases. We analyze qualitative data from actors in the lending industry to identify the social structure though which this mortgage discrimination took place. housing crisis, black and Latino borrowers disproportionately received high-cost, high-risk mortgages-a lending disparity well documented by prior quantitative studies. |
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